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1 Pine Ridge, South Dakota USA
Airports: XPRУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Pine Ridge, South Dakota USA
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2 белая американская сосна
1) Naval: pitch pine2) Railway term: south pineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > белая американская сосна
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3 пич-пайн
1) Naval: pitch pine2) Railway term: south pine -
4 Carreira da Índia
The roundtrip Portugal-India-Portugal voyage during the16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, in the age of sail. Undoubtedly the longest and most arduous of all such sea voyages by sail during the age of European expansion, the Carreira da Índia, including a stay in Goa, Portuguese India, lasted about a year and a half; its scheduling was conditioned by tropical winds, including the Indian Ocean monsoon. The first Carreira da Índia, in effect, was Vasco da Gama's pioneering voyage of 1497-99. Subsequent annual India fleet voyages lasted until the age of steam in the 19th century and were even longer than the similar Spanish voyage, Car-rera de Filipinas, the annual voyage of the Manila galleon across the Pacific to Mexico (1565-1815).The Carreira da Índia, which began with the voyage from Portugal to the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and on to western India (Goa), some six or seven months on the way out, with a return voyage of a similar length, covered 9,000-10,000 miles one way and was subject to complex tides, winds, and other weather conditions resulting in numerous shipwrecks. The timing of the India fleet's departure from Portugal was based on the timing of the southwest monsoon, which begins in western India in early June. India-bound fleets left Lisbon, therefore, in time to round the Cape of Good Hope in July, in order to reach Goa by September. The ships on these trade-oriented voyages were usually carracks or galleons of increasingly greater tonnage. Outward-bound fleets included from seven to 14 ships, while homeward-bound fleets often had only half that number. Built often of Indian teak or European pine or oak, the India fleet's ships carried several thousand persons on board. As this seaborne empire aged, however, recruiting skilled, experienced crews of sufficient size was increasingly a problem. There is a significant early modern literature in Portuguese that treats the subject of India fleet shipwrecks and related tragedies. -
5 Pilcher, Percy Sinclair
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 16 January 1867 Bath, Englandd. 2 October 1899 Stanford Hall, Northamptonshire, England[br]English designer and glider aeronaut.[br]He was educated at HMS Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, from 1880 to 1882. He sailed on HMS Duke of Wellington, Agincourt, Northampton and other ships and resigned from the navy on 18 April 187 after seven years at sea. In June 1887 he was apprenticed at Randolph, Elder \& Co.'s shipyard at Govan, and was then an apprentice moulder at Cairn \& Co., Glasgow. For some time he "studied" at London University (though there is no official record of his doing so) while living with his sister at Phillbeck Gardens, South Kensington. In May 1890 he was working for John H.Biles, Manager of the Southampton Naval Works Ltd. Biles was later appointed Professor of Naval Architecture at Glasgow University with Pilcher as his Assistant Lecturer. In 1895 he was building his first glider, the Bat, which was built mainly of Riga pine and weighed 44 lb (20 kg). In succeeding months he travelled to Lichterfelde to study the gliders made by the German Lilienthal and built a further three machines, the Beetle, the Gull and the Hawk. In 1896 he applied for his only aeronautical patent, for "Improved flying and soaring machines", which was accepted on March 1897. In April 1896 he resigned his position at Glasgow University to become Assistant to Sir Hiram Maxim, who was also doing experiments with flying machines at his Nordenfeld Guns and Ammunition Co. Ltd at Crayford. He took up residence in Artillery Mansions, Victoria Street, later taken over by Vickers Ltd. Maxim had a hangar at Upper Lodge Farm, Austin Eynsford, Kent: using this, Pilcher reached a height of 12 ft (3.66m) in 1899 with a cable launch. He planned to build a 2 hp (1.5 kW) petrol engine In September 1899 he went to stay with Lord Braye at Stanford Hall, Northamptonshire, where many people came to see his flying machine, a triplane. The weather was far from ideal, windy and raining, but Pilcher would not disappoint them. A bracing wire broke, the tail collapsed and the pilot crashed to the ground suffering two broken legs and concussion. He did not regain consciousness and died the following day. He was buried in Brompton Cemetery.[br]Bibliography1896, British patent no. 9144 "Improved flying and soaring machines".Further ReadingP.Jarrett, 1987, Another Icarus. Percy Pilcher and the Quest for Flight, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.A.Welch and L.Welch, 1965, The Story of Gliding, London: John Murray.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Pilcher, Percy Sinclair
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